So why is the R-value myth perpetuated? I don't know if anybody knows. It obviously favors fiber insulations manufactured by Huge International Corporations, who regularly contribute to political campaigns.
What would the R-value of insulation be after it has been submersed in water or had a 20 mile per hour wind blowing through it? Obviously the "Effective" R-value of fiber insulation would go to zero, but Spray Foam Insulation would be largely unaffected. Again, R-values are "funny" numbers; they are meaningless unless we know the other important factors.
The use of R-values as the only criteria is absolutely ridiculous, yet we have Government Agencies mandating R-values in the 20's, 30's and 40's today. Fiber insulation having an R-25-value installed in a house, but not properly sealed will allow the wind to travel through it as if there were no insulation at all.
R-values are a result testing the flow of heat through material in a sealed test fixture under controlled laboratory conditions, but these conditions are not even remotely associated with the real world installed performance of insulation. To calculate the actual installed performance of insulation, we also need to know its resistance to air penetration, to internal air currents, to liquid water, and to water vapor drive. What really matters is the "effective" R-value when insulation is subjected to these real world conditions?
Fiber insulation is generally assigned an R-value of approximately 3.5 per inch, yet it can only achieve this value when tested in an absolute zero air-movement and zero moisture environments. Zero wind and zero moisture are not real-world conditions, as all homes leak air and they sometimes leak water. In addition, water vapor from the atmosphere, showers, cooking, breathing, etc. constantly moves back and forth through the walls and ceilings of our homes.
If an attic is not properly ventilated on a fiber insulated home, the water vapor generated inside a house will very quickly semi-saturate the insulation above the ceiling and in the walls. Even small amounts of moisture will cause a dramatic drop, as much as 50 percent or more, in fiber insulation's performance.
Vapor Barriers
Because such small amounts of moisture have devastating effects on fiber insulations performance, it is recommended that fiber insulation have a vapor barrier installed on the warm side of the insulation. This recommendation poses a completely new problem, which is the warm side of the wall?
Obviously, the warm side changes from summer to winter, even from day to night. If it is 30 degrees outside, the inside of an occupied house is certainly the warm side, conversely, during the summer months, when the sun is shining; the warm side is the outside of the wall.
Occasionally, a novice will try to put vapor barriers on both sides of the insulation, but this proves to be disastrous because the vapor barriers will stop most of the moisture but not all. Small amounts of moisture will still move into the fiber insulation between the two vapor barriers and become trapped. It will accumulate as the temperature swings back and forth altering the direction of vapor drive forces, leading to significant mold growth, health problems, building rot and increased energy costs.
Fiber insulation must be ventilated on one side or you can end up with serious mold growth problems, as illustrated in these images. This required ventilation also allows air movement within the fiber insulation, significantly reducing its effectiveness.
Spray Foam Insulation does not have these limitations. It creates its own air-tight seal, while still allowing water vapor to pass through without accumulating or affecting its performance. This complete insulation, air barrier and moisture management solution is what makes Energy Solutions Spray Foam Insulation the intelligent choice for your home.
Air Currents Within Fiber Insulation
We all understand air penetration through the walls of our homes; we can even feel it in some homes when the wind blows. But what most people, including many engineers, do not realize is that there are very significant convection currents occurring within the traditional insulations. These convection currents rotate vast amounts of air, leading to significant energy losses.
These convective air currents are not fast enough to feel and are difficult to measure without sensitive instruments. Nevertheless, these air current are constantly carrying heat from the bottom of the fiber insulation to the top side, letting it escape.
If we seal off this air movement with traditional insulation, we seal in the water vapor where it will condense into a liquid becoming a source of moisture for mold growth and rotting of your home. This water vapor and resulting condensation will also seriously decrease the fiber insulation's R-value and increase your energy costs. The only way to deal with fiber insulation is to ventilate, but to ventilate means allowing air movement, which decreases the R-value and increases your energy costs.
Once again, Spray Foam Insulation does not have these limitations, because it creates its own air-tight seal, while still allowing water vapor to pass through without accumulating or affecting its performance.
Air Penetration
The filter for most furnace filters is made from fiberglass, the same spun fiberglass used as insulation. Fiberglass is used for an air filter because it has low resistance to the air flow, and it is cheap. In other words, the air flows through it very readily.
There are tremendous air currents that blow through the walls of a typical home. To test this one can hold a lit candle near an electrical outlet on an outside wall when the wind is blowing. The average home with all its doors and windows closed has a combination of air leaks equal to the size of an open door.
Even if we do a perfect job of installing the fiber insulation in a home and bring the air infiltration very close to zero from one side of the wall to the other, we still do not stop the conductive air currents from moving through the insulation itself vertically both in the ceiling and the walls.
Spray Foam Insulation absolutely protects itself from air infiltration and cannot support internal air currents, as the bonding of the spray liquid plus the expansion of the foam as it cures creates a total seal. The value of this total seal is almost impossible to overestimate, because most of the heat losses in the walls and ceilings of homes have to do with the air-seal rather than the insulations R-Value.
Air infiltration can most effectively be stopped with Spray-in-place Foam Insulation. It is the only material that when applied will expand to fill all the corners, the cripples, the double studs, bottom plates, top plates, etc. The R-value of a material is of no interest or consequence if air can get past it!
R-value tables are part of the Myth; they show Spray Foam and the fiber insulations side by side, implying they can be compared. The fact is, without taking installation conditions and air movement into account, these comparisons are meaningless. Spray Foam provides its own vapor barrier, water barrier, and wind barrier.
No other insulation material can even come close to Energy Solutions Spray Foam Insulation's installed effectiveness. Using spray foam insulation is guaranteed to save you energy and provide a healthier, more comfortable home for you and your family.
